Journal of Integrated Natural Science (JINS) maintains the permanent historical integrity of the scholarly record. We follow the COPE Retraction Guidelines and international indexing criteria when amending or retracting published literature.

1. Corrections (Erratum & Corrigendum)

Erratum: Issued when a production error introduced by the journal affects the accuracy of figures, data tables, or author metadata.
Corrigendum: Issued when an honest scientific oversight is identified by the authors that does not invalidate the study's overall conclusions. A formal Correction notice is published in the subsequent issue, hyperlinked to the original article.

2. Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern is issued by the Editor-in-Chief if an investigation into potential research misconduct is ongoing or inconclusive, alerting the scientific community while institutional investigations take place.

3. Article Retraction

Retractions are enacted under circumstances including: clear evidence of unreliable data (fabrication, calculation errors), plagiarism, redundant publication, or copyright infringement. Retraction notices state explicitly who initiated the retraction and the factual basis. In accordance with digital archiving standards, the original article is not removed; instead, a permanent watermark reading "RETRACTED" is embedded into the archived PDF, and Crossref metadata is updated.